Hi,
In response to your questions in the post above, please see below:
1) Generally speaking this would be cedant's risk transfer criteria, as they are the party who are transferring the risk.
2) Yes, you are along the right lines. Essentially, the use of limits means that the mean and standard deviation will be reduced, and so there is reduced volatility. In the pricing of the contract, since the volatility is reduced, the loadings required to calculate a price are likely to be reduced too.
3) P' is the reinstatement premium to be paid, if there is a loss which means a reinstatement is required. The difference here is that probabilities are being used to determine what the reinstatement premium will be based, based on the probability of there being a second (or at least 1 loss)
4a) Correct, but you can think of individual losses as 'aggregate losses'
4b) Yes I believe so
4c) There may be different ways to approach swing rating, that may not necessarily covered in the course notes (perhaps in industry other methods are used). In any case, you would be best placed to use the approach in the course notes, as this is what the examiners would be looking for, if this were to come up in the exam.
5a) Yes, but it is mentioned in the notes this is awkward to price! The main thing to recognize is that this is an iterative process, and would need to be done until the premium stabilizes
5b) Not quite, if the risk of the cap being breached is so very low (negligible) then the premium would be based on the expected losses. This may not be excessively high.
6) These are proportional reinsurance arrangements, so generally the proportion of premium is the same as the proportion of losses. There may be a few different ways to calculate and get the correct answer, but I suggest you follow the notes method, if this comes up in the exam.
7) The 'gross premium' on page 55 is not the incurred losses / gross premium - there is a note on page 55 as such. I suggest you look at the original question, and calculate gross loss ratios from there.
8) In the question we are told that there is a loading of 20% of the gross premium for brokerage etc. So, 20% of the gross premium consists of loadings. So, 80% of the gross premium is the risk premium. So: 0.8 x gross premium = risk premium. The calculation here is simply rearranging this.
9) This is saying that the 20% loading is quite a small number, and it is unlikely to be enough to compensate for contingencies (ie risk of there being more than 2 claims)
I hope this helps.
Aman
ActEd Tutor
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