Hi Snowy The percentage increase in variance in moving from the Bayesian to the Classical approach is found using the formula in section 3.4 of chapter 18. This gives us that (Classical variance)/(Bayesian variance)=1.090375. Inverting this gives (Bayesian variance)/(Classical variance)=1/1.090375. Hence the % change in moving from Classical to Bayesian is (1/1.090375)-1, a reduction of 8.288%. I hope this helps Duncan