Hello. In question 11 . I'm unable to understand how they got the equations in the question . Can anyone explain it?
Hello. In the 11th question . The covariate E is defined as a dummy variable taking the value 1 if the person had passed a school leaving examination in mathematics and 0 otherwise. This means if the person clears school without maths its value is 1 or else 0 . So in part IV) of question 11. The hazard of ... Aged 17 (so A =1) , passed mathematics exam (E=0 ) and not 1
It means if passed exam, then E is 1. If failed, not passed etc. then E is 0. All references to the passing and failing of the exam in the question refer to this dummy variable E.